Determinants of away-from-home wildlife watching participation: a panel study in the United States

The primary object of this study is to investigate the determinants of away-from-home wildlife-watching participation in the U.S. By employing a panel data set that includes four national polls from 1996 to 2011, this work advances our understanding of cohort effects. The results indicate that being white, having a higher income or level of education, and participating in hunting or fishing are positive predictors for wildlife-watching participation. At the same time, there is an inverted relationship between age and wildlife-watching participation. Policy-making for wildlife management is also discussed.