Key result
Treatment with Neolamarckia cadamba leaf ethanolic extract significantly reduced cardiac MI markers and atherogenic risk indices, and improved the antioxidant system in isoproterenol-induced MI rats.
Why the study?
The precise active constituents and cardioprotective mechanisms of Neolamarckia cadamba remained unclear.
Does Neolamarckia cadamba leaf ethanolic extract improve cardiac biomarkers and histology in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction rats?
Does Neolamarckia cadamba leaf ethanolic extract improve cardiac biomarkers and histology in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction rats?
Neolamarckia cadamba leaf extract demonstrates cardioprotective and antioxidant effects in a rat model of myocardial infarction, potentially mediated by phytocompounds like Cinchonain Ib.
Neolamarckia cadamba extract attenuated isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats; hypothesis-generating for cardioprotection, human trials required.
Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, a member of the Rubiaceae family, is a botanical species with recognized therapeutic properties. It is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat cardiac ailments and other disorders. However, the precise active constituents and the potential mechanisms by which they manage cardiovascular disorders remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to ascertain the bioactive components and investigate their underlying mechanisms of action. N. cadamba is used to treat cardiovascular disorders using the integrated metabolomic methodology. An HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis determined the potential chemicals in the N. cadamba leaf ethanol extract (NCEE). A thorough investigation of the NCEE samples used in this study led to the identification of 32 phytoconstituents. Of the 32 compounds, 19 obeyed Lipinski’s rule of five (RO5). A molecular docking study directed towards HMG-CoA reductase used 19 molecules. The reference drug atorvastatin indicated a binding energy of −3.9 kcal/mol, while the other substances, Cinchonain Ib and Dukunolide B, revealed binding energies of −5.7 and −5.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Both phytocompounds showed no toxicity and exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties. In vivo study results concluded that treatment with NCEE significantly reduced the cardiac myocardial infarction (MI) marker CK-MB and atherogenic risk indices, such as the atherogenic index plasma (AIP), cardiac risk ratio (CRR), and atherogenic coefficient (AC) in isoproterenol-induced MI rats. In MI rats, NCEE therapy significantly improved the antioxidant system of the heart tissue, as evidenced by the increased levels of GSH and SOD, lower levels of the oxidative stress marker MDA, and significantly decreased HMG-CoA activity. Additionally, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from rats treated with NCEE resembled those treated with traditional atorvastatin to treat myocardial infarction. This study used H&E staining to show that administering NCEE before treatment reduced cardiac myocyte degeneration in rats with myocardial infarction, increased the presence of intact nuclei, and increased myocardial fiber strength. The potential cardioprotective effect observed in myocardial infarction (MI) rats treated with NCEE can be extrapolated from computational data to be caused by Cinchonain Ib.
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Kumar et al. (2023) studied Myocardial infarction. Neolamarckia cadamba leaf ethanolic extract (NCEE) vs. Atorvastatin / untreated MI rats was evaluated on Cardiac myocardial infarction marker CK-MB and atherogenic risk indices. Treatment with Neolamarckia cadamba leaf ethanolic extract significantly reduced cardiac MI markers and atherogenic risk indices, and improved the antioxidant system in isoproterenol-induced MI rats.
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