Transcriptomic Analysis of the Innate Antiviral Immune Response in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Influence of Immunobiotic Lactobacilli

Figure 1. Differentially regulated genes in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells treated with immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 and challenged with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C). Non-lactobacilli-treated PIE cells challenged with poly(I:C) were used as controls. The changes in gene expression were evaluated by comparing the three mentioned groups with unchallenged PIE cells. Venn diagrams showing the number of differentially upregulated (A) and downregulated (B) genes for each experimental group. Number of matched genes categorized according to Gene Ontology (GO) database (C). Venn diagram showing the number of differentially regulated genes that are known to have immune-related functions for each experimental group (D).

Figure 2. Expression of type I interferons (IFN-β and IFN-α), IFN regulatory factor 3, and IFN-induced antiviral genes in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells after the challenge with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C), analyzed by quantitative PCR. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Symbols indicate significant differences when compared to unchallenged control PIE cells (time 0 h) (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, #P < 0.001).

Figure 3. Expression of chemokines genes in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells after the challenge with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C), analyzed by quantitative PCR. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Symbols indicate significant differences when compared to unchallenged control PIE cells (time 0 h) (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, #P < 0.001).

Figure 4. Expression of cytokines and genes involved in prostaglandins biosynthesis in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells after the challenge with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C), analyzed by quantitative PCR. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Symbols indicate significant differences when compared to unchallenged control PIE cells (time 0 h) (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, #P < 0.001).

Figure 5. Expression of type I interferons (IFN-β and IFN-α), IFN regulatory factor 3, and IFN-induced antiviral genes in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells treated with immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 and challenged with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C), analyzed by quantitative PCR. Non-lactobacilli-treated PIE cells with or without poly(I:C) challenge were used as controls. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences when compared to poly(I:C)-challenged control PIE cells (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).

Figure 6. Expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules genes in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells treated with immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 and challenged with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C), analyzed by quantitative PCR. Non-lactobacilli-treated PIE cells with or without poly(I:C) challenge were used as controls. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences when compared to poly(I:C)-challenged control PIE cells (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).

Figure 7. Expression of cytokines and genes involved in prostaglandins biosynthesis in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells treated with immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 and challenged with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C), analyzed by quantitative PCR. Non-lactobacilli-treated PIE cells with or without poly(I:C) challenge were used as controls. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences when compared to poly(I:C)-challenged control PIE cells (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).

Figure 8. Expression of pattern recognition receptors and A20 genes in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells treated with immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 or Lactobacillus plantarum CRL1506 and challenged with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C), analyzed by quantitative PCR. Non-lactobacilli-treated PIE cells with or without poly(I:C) challenge were used as controls. The results represent data from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant differences when compared to poly(I:C)-challenged control PIE cells (*P < 0.05).

Figure 9. Global overview of the signaling pathways and immune genes differentially regulated in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells after the challenge with the viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C) (A). Global overview of the signaling pathways and immune genes differentially regulated in PIE cells treated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 and challenged with poly(I:C) (B).