Coronary perforation occurring during percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with persistent high inpatient mortality and complications

Background Coronary perforation is one of the major complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The goal of this study was to evaluate adverse outcomes and mortality in patients suffering from coronary perforation during PCI above the age of 30. Methods The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, years 2016-2020, was studied using ICD 10 codes. Patients suffering from perforation were compared to patients without perforation during PCI. Results PCI was performed in a weighted total of 10,059,269 patients. Coronary perforation occurred in 11,725 (0.12 %) of all PCI performed. The mortality rate of patients with perforations was very high in comparison to patients without perforations. (12.9% vs 2.5%, OR: 5.6, CI:5-6.3 p<0.001). Furthermore, patients with coronary perforations had much higher rates of urgent coronary bypass surgery, tamponade, cardiac arrest, and major cardiovascular outcomes. Mortality remained high and over 10% in the 5-year study period. Conclusion Using a large national inpatient database, all-cause inpatient mortality in patients with coronary perforation is very high (over 10%) with persistently high mortality rates over the years study suggesting that treatment of perforations needs further improvement.