Key result
Sacubitril/valsartan was superior to enalapril in reducing the risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization and all-cause death in patients with HFrEF.
Why the study?
Does sacubitril/valsartan reduce cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization in patients with chronic HFrEF (NYHA class II-IV) compared to enalapril?
Does sacubitril/valsartan reduce cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization in patients with chronic HFrEF (NYHA class II-IV) compared to enalapril?
Sacubitril/valsartan is a superior alternative to ACE inhibitors or ARBs in the treatment of HFrEF, providing significant improvements in morbidity and mortality.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Sacubitril/valsartan may reduce CV death or HF hospitalization in HFrEF; leaves open real-world titration and long-term safety questions.
Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696), a supramolecular sodium salt complex of the neprilysin inhibitor prodrug sacubitril and the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) valsartan, was recently approved in the EU and the USA for the treatment of chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (NYHA class II-IV). Inhibition of chronically activated neurohormonal pathways (the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [RAAS] and sympathetic nervous system [SNS]) is central to the treatment of chronic HFrEF. Furthermore, enhancement of the natriuretic peptide (NP) system, with favorable cardiovascular (CV) and renal effects in HF, is a desirable therapeutic goal to complement RAAS and SNS blockade. Sacubitril/valsartan represents a novel pharmacological approach that acts by enhancing the NP system via inhibition of neprilysin (an enzyme that degrades NPs) and by suppressing the RAAS via AT1 receptor blockade, thereby producing more effective neurohormonal modulation than can be achieved with RAAS inhibition alone. In the large, randomized, double-blind PARADIGM-HF trial, replacement of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) (enalapril) with sacubitril/valsartan resulted in a significant improvement in morbidity and mortality in patients with HFrEF. Sacubitril/valsartan was superior to enalapril in reducing the risk of CV death or HF hospitalization (composite primary endpoint) and all-cause death, and in limiting progression of HF. Sacubitril/valsartan was generally well tolerated, with a comparable safety profile to enalapril; symptomatic hypotension was more common with sacubitril/valsartan, whereas renal dysfunction, hyperkalemia and cough were less common compared with enalapril. In summary, sacubitril/valsartan is a superior alternative to ACEIs/ARBs in the treatment of HFrEF, a recommendation that is reflected in many HF guidelines. O sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) é um complexo supramolecular de sal de sódio do pró-fármaco sacubitril, inibidor da neprilisina, e do valsartan, um antagonista dos recetores da angiotensina (ARB), administrado por via oral, recentemente aprovado no tratamento da insuficiência crónica (classes II-IV NYHA) com fração de ejeção reduzida (IC-FER). A inibição neuro-hormonal é um elemento central no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca. No entanto, os benefícios obtidos com o aumento de outros sistemas, tais como os péptidos natriuréticos, foram muito parcelares (e inconsistentes). O desenvolvimento do sacubitril/valsartan e os resultados do PARADIGM-HF mudaram a situação e abriram uma alternativa no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca crónica. O PARADIGM-HF foi um grande estudo prospetivo aleatorizado, com dupla ocultação, que demonstrou que a morbimortalidade na insuficiência cardíaca pode ser melhorada com o sacubitril/valsartan, com redução significativa da morte cardiovascular ou da hospitalização por agravamento da insuficiência cardíaca. O sacubitril/valsartan foi também superior ao enalapril na redução da mortalidade total e na limitação da progressão da insuficiência cardíaca. O novo ARNi foi geralmente bem tolerado, sem incremento dos eventos adversos potencialmente fatais (apesar da maior incidência de hipotensão sintomática, mas com uma baixa ocorrência de angioedema). Por essa razão, o sacubitril/valsartan deve substituir o ACEi (ou o ARB) no tratamento da IC-FER, afirmação já expressa em muitas das novas recomendações terapêuticas.
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Carlos Aguíar (2017) conducted a review in Chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Sacubitril/valsartan vs. Enalapril was evaluated on Cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization. Sacubitril/valsartan was superior to enalapril in reducing the risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization and all-cause death in patients with HFrEF.
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