Directed self-assembly of block copolymers in the extreme: guiding microdomains from the small to the large

The self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) is emerging as a promising route for numerous applications to generate templates and scaffolds for the fabrication of nanostructured materials. Here, we present an overview of recent progress in the directed self-assembly of BCPs with a focus on guiding the assemblies of extreme (small and large) features over large areas. We introduce inorganic-containing hybrid BCPs that enable access to ultra-small feature sizes. To achieve the desired orientation and lateral ordering of the BCP microdomains, we discuss routes that combine top-down (lithographic) processes with the bottom-up self-assembly of BCPs. On the extreme large size scale, high-molecular-weight BCPs and brush-type copolymers are discussed, covering the other extreme of this promising strategy.