Key result
Oral inoculation of turkey poults with TARV-O'Neil demonstrated dominant early enteric replication peaking at 4 days, followed by significant viral replication and elevated IL-6 and IFN-γ in leg tendons by 14 days.
p-value: p=<0.05
TARV infection in turkeys demonstrates early enteric tropism followed by replication in leg tendons, triggering a prominent innate antiviral and T helper-1 cytokine response.
TARV tropism and IFN response in turkeys extend reovirus pathogenesis models; leaves open relevance to avian disease control or other hosts.
Newly emergent turkey arthritis reoviruses (TARV) were isolated from tendons of lame 15-week-old tom turkeys that occasionally had ruptured leg tendons. Experimentally, these TARVs induced remarkable tenosynovitis in gastrocnemius tendons of turkey poults. The current study aimed to characterize the location and the extent of virus replication as well as the cytokine response induced by TARV during the first two weeks of infection. One-week-old male turkeys were inoculated orally with TARV (O'Neil strain). Copy numbers of viral genes were estimated in intestines, internal organs and tendons at ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14 days Post inoculation (dpi). Cytokine profile was measured in intestines, spleen and leg tendons at 0, 4, 7 and 14 dpi. Viral copy number peaked in jejunum, cecum and bursa of Fabricius at 4 dpi. Copy numbers increased dramatically in leg tendons at 7 and 14 dpi while minimal copies were detected in internal organs and blood during the same period. Virus was detected in cloacal swabs at 1-2 dpi, and peaked at 14 dpi indicating enterotropism of the virus and its early shedding in feces. Elevation of IFN-α and IFN-β was observed in intestines at 7 dpi as well as a prominent T helper-1 response (IFN-γ) at 7 and 14 dpi. IFN-γ and IL-6 were elevated in gastrocnemius tendons at 14 dpi. Elevation of antiviral cytokines in intestines occurred at 7dpi when a significant decline of viral replication in intestines was observed. T helper-1 response in intestines and leg tendons was the dominant T-helper response. These results suggest the possible correlation between viral replication and cytokine response in early infection of TARV in turkeys. Our findings provide novel insights which help elucidate viral pathogenesis in turkey tendons infected with TARV.
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Sharafeldin et al. (2015) studied Turkey arthritis reovirus infection (n=80). Turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV-O'Neil strain) vs. Virus-free MEM was evaluated on Viral gene copy numbers in intestines, internal organs, and tendons (p=<0.05). Oral inoculation of turkey poults with TARV-O'Neil demonstrated dominant early enteric replication peaking at 4 days, followed by significant viral replication and elevated IL-6 and IFN-γ in leg tendons by 14 days.
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