Effect of nanodentin particles versus autogenous bone graft on inducing bone regeneration in mandibular bone defects in rats

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nanodentin particles (NDP) versus autogenous bone graft on bone regeneration in rats’ mandibular defects. Materials and Methods The study utilized 40 adult albino rats; 10 were used to prepare NDP and the remaining were randomly allocated into three equal groups ( n = 10): a control group, an autogenous bone group, and an NDP group. A critical-sized defect was surgically induced at the mandibular angle. The evaluation of bone regeneration, conducted at 2-week and 6-week intervals, utilized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and histomorphometric analysis. Results Histologically, NDP enhanced bone formation at 2 weeks which started at the defect edges. At 6 weeks, the NDP group exhibited extensive osteogenesis, nearly achieving complete bridging of the critical-sized defect. Histomorphometric analysis at 2 weeks showed no significant difference in new bone formation between NDP group and autogenous bone group, while at 6 weeks, the new bone surface area was significantly higher in NDP group than the two other groups. Conclusion These results establish NDP as a highly effective and promising biomaterial for applications in bone regeneration.