Key result
Active smoking of one cigarette increased aortic pulse wave velocity to 6.1 m/s and decreased flow-mediated dilation by 5.7% in healthy young adults.
Why the study?
Although smoking is known to affect endothelial function and arterial stiffness, its acute effects on vascular function in healthy young adults required assessment.
Does acute active or passive smoking exposure impair arterial function and hemodynamics in healthy young adults?
Observational (n=90)
Does acute active or passive smoking exposure impair arterial function and hemodynamics in healthy young adults?
Acute exposure to even a single cigarette significantly impairs vascular endothelial function and increases arterial stiffness in young healthy adults.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Acute smoking effects on vascular function in young adults remain hypothesis-generating; prospective trials needed before clinical relevance.
Background: Several studies have supported the idea that smoking induces changes with direct impact on endothelial function and arterial stiffness. The main purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of smoking on vascular function in healthy young adults. Methods: We designed a quasi-experimental study, including ninety participants aged between 18 and 25 years. Participants were divided into three groups: Active exposure group (AG) - 30 usual smokers; passive exposure group (PG) and non-exposure control group (CG), each including 30 non-smokers matched for age, gender and overall lifestyle. Heart rate (HR), brachial blood pressure (bBP), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid pulse wave analysis (PWA) were evaluated in two moments: baseline and 30 minutes after smoking exposition (AG and PG) or 30 minutes after the first evaluation (CG). Results: Significant changes from baseline were observed only in the AG, with an increase in PWV, from 5.6 ± 0.7 m/s to 6.1 ± 0.2 m/s post-smoking (p = 0.040), and a decrease in FMD of about -5.7 ± 2.3% after smoking one cigarette (p < 0.001). A significant increase in brachial and central BP was also observed in the AG. A trend for increase in brachial and central BP, and decrease in the FMD was observed in the PG and no significant changes were depicted in the CG. Conclusion: Just one cigarette produces significant detrimental acute effects on the vascular endothelium and hemodynamic profile of healthy young short-term smokers. Changes are also observed, although to a lesser extent, in passive smokers.
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Pereira et al. (2019) conducted an observational in Healthy young adults (n=90). Active and passive smoking exposure vs. Non-exposure control group was evaluated on aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) (p=0.040). Active smoking of one cigarette increased aortic pulse wave velocity to 6.1 m/s and decreased flow-mediated dilation by 5.7% in healthy young adults.
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