Stereoradiogrammetric technique for estimating alignment of the joints in the hand and wrist

A method and apparatus for quantitative measurement of the alignment and motion of the joints of the hand in three dimensions has been developed using stereoradiogrammetric principles. Alignment in planes of flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation can be determined to within 2.5 degrees; rotation about the long axis of the metacarpals or phalanges is more difficult to determine, and can be measured to within 7 degrees. Stereo views subtending angles in the range of 40 degrees were found to optimize the total system accuracy.