Experimental study demonstrates submicrometer focusing of extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses to 3 × 10¹⁵ W/cm², highlighting a pathway toward intense-field attosecond nonlinear optics.
We demonstrate submicrometer focusing of isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region using a custom ellipsoidal mirror. The obtained focal spot sizes were verified using knife-edge measurements with a sharp silicon edge, confirming reproducible dimensions down to 0.46 $μ$m × 0.36 $μ$m (FWHM), approaching the diffraction limit. Focusing a 1.1-GW tabletop IAP source yields a peak intensity of 3 × 10¹⁵ W/cm², and a realistic pathway toward 10¹⁶ W/cm² is obtained by optimizing the beamline throughput. These results establish a practical route toward attosecond nonlinear optics in both gas and solid phases, driven by intense XUV fields.
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Imasaka et al. (2026) studied this question.
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