Direct numerical simulation of gas–liquid flow and mass transfer processes in a vibrating particle cluster

The existing empirical mass transfer correlations for upflow reactors universally ignore the effects of particle motion, despite the fact that particles in upflow reactors are inherently mobile rather than static. Inheriting the gas–liquid–solid flow PF‐LB model, a solver is developed by coupling with the reactive multiphase mass transfer LB model. Using EDEM and Fluent software, the characteristics of the particle motion are identified by a coupling interface. The study examines the flow regime map, gas–liquid volumetric interfacial area, mass transfer coefficients for gas–liquid flow and mass transfer processes in the vibrating particle cluster. The beneficial impact of particle vibration on both the volumetric interfacial area and mass transfer coefficients becomes more significant at lower void fractions. New empirical correlations for the volumetric interfacial area and volumetric mass transfer coefficients are obtained with ±20% relative errors and R 2 = 0.7, in which the particle vibration amplitude and frequency are introduced.