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Experimental study demonstrates stable reference potentials and reduced kinetic limitations in potassium-ion batteries, suggesting standard tests underestimate cathode performance.
The high reactivity and unstable potential of metallic potassium limits its application as a stable reference or counter electrode for a precise and reliable electrochemical characterization of electrode active materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). In this study, we investigate the application of hierarchically structured KTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (KTP/C) and KTiOPO 4 /C (KTPO/C) composites as a reference (RE) or diagnostic electrode (DE) respectively. KTP/C is a promising RE due to its stable potential at 1.88 V versus K + /K on a long‐term scale for more than 250 h in a three‐electrode configuration with a KTP/C working electrode (WE) and RE against a metallic potassium counter electrode (CE). Instead, KTPO/C exhibits a low kinetic limitation, making this material ideally suited as a DE for PIBs. To prove the suitability of KTPO/C as a DE, a full‐cell setup of K 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (KVP/C) as WE against a KTPO/C DE was developed. The full‐cell setup with a KTPO/C DE revealed a significant underestimation of the properties of KVP/C compared to the conventional half‐cell setups with a metallic potassium CE. The developed RE and DE for PIBs facilitate an accurate and reliable electrochemical characterization of electrode active materials for and will accelerate the future development of PIBs.
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Heyn et al. (2026) studied this question.
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