What does this research mean for the field?

Increasing the loading rate on holed granodiorite under true triaxial stress increases peak axial stress and brittleness while leading to finer fragmentation, and the hole-spacing ratio controls the connectivity and complexity of crack networks between adjacent openings. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To quantify the rate-dependent failure behavior, crack-network evolution, and fragment characteristics of cylindrical-hole hard rock under true triaxial stress for rockburst mitigation.

September 2, 2026MathematicsOpen Access

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Hole-Containing Rocks Under True Triaxial Stress Using Fractal–Statistical Analysis

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Authors

BLBo LeiXi'an University of Science and Technology PXPanshi Xie DLDing Lang

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Implication

Experimental and numerical study reveals loading-rate and hole-spacing effects on rockburst mechanics in holed granodiorite, highlighting structural risk factors in deep excavations.

Key Points

To quantify the rate-dependent failure behavior, crack-network evolution, and fragment characteristics of cylindrical-hole hard rock under true triaxial stress for rockburst mitigation.
Conducted true triaxial compression experiments on holed granodiorite specimens under varying loading rates coupled with fractal–statistical analysis of failure fragments.
Constructed a calibrated three-dimensional Particle Flow Code (PFC3D) double-hole numerical model to evaluate crack interaction and stress-concentration superposition across hole-spacing ratios (S/2R) from 1.25 to 2.00.
Increasing the loading rate elevated peak axial stress from 143 to 190 MPa, decreased peak axial strain from 1.24% to 0.86%, and increased the post-peak brittleness index from 0.83 to 1.19.
The mass fractal dimension of fragments increased alongside loading rates, reflecting a shift from multi-crack tension–shear failure to intense hole-wall exfoliation and fine fragmentation.
Increasing the hole-spacing ratio from 1.25 to 2.00 altered the dominant fracture-band inclination from 27° to 54°, transitioning failure from steep inter-hole coalescence to dispersed crack networks.

Cite This Study

Lei et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a97e29ec562ede874ec6ce6 https://doi.org/10.3390/math14173118

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Implication

Experimental and numerical study reveals loading-rate and hole-spacing effects on rockburst mechanics in holed granodiorite, highlighting structural risk factors in deep excavations.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Hole-Containing Rocks Under True Triaxial Stress Using Fractal–Statistical Analysis

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Cite This Study

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Mechanical Behavior of Hole-Containing Rocks Under True Triaxial Stress Using Fractal–Statistical Analysis

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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