Finite Element Investigation of Stress Distribution in Square, V and Knuckle Thread Dental Implants Fabricated from TiCP2, Ti-6Al-7Nb, Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi Alloys

Dental implants are widely used for the replacement of missing teeth, and their long-term biomechanical performance is strongly influenced by implant geometry and material properties. The present study investigates the mechanical behavior of cylindrical dental implants with square, V-shaped, and knuckle thread profiles fabricated from TiCP2, Ti-6Al-7Nb, Ti-6Al-4V, and NiTi alloys using finite element analysis (FEA). Three-dimensional models of the implant–abutment–cortical bone assembly were developed in CATIA and imported into ANSYS Workbench for numerical simulation. A static occlusal load of 100 N was applied to evaluate von Mises stress, strain, shear stress, and total deformation. In addition, modal analysis was performed to assess the dynamic characteristics of the implant configurations. The results indicate that stress distribution and deformation are significantly affected by both thread geometry and implant material. Among the investigated combinations, the square-thread implant fabricated from Ti-6Al-7Nb exhibited the most favorable biomechanical response, showing lower stress concentration and deformation compared with the other configurations. The modal analysis also demonstrated improved structural stability for the Ti-6Al-7Nb square-thread design. The findings suggest that the combined selection of appropriate implant geometry and material can enhance the mechanical performance of dental implants and provide useful guidance for implant design optimization.