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September 2, 2026Thoracic CancerOpen Access

Delayed Occurrence of Lung Cancer Leptomeningeal Metastasis and Era‐Associated Post‐ LM Survival: A 14‐Year Single‐Center Cohort Study

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Authors

XGXiaoxing GaoJGJie GaoQYQiuyue Ye

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Overview

Cohort study reveals delayed onset of leptomeningeal metastasis in lung cancer over time, indicating survival benefits tied to third-generation targeted therapies.

Key Points

  • To investigate the clinical and molecular evolution of lung cancer leptomeningeal metastasis across different treatment eras and identify factors associated with post-metastasis survival.
  • Retrospective cohort study of 201 patients with cytologically confirmed lung cancer leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) diagnosed between November 2012 and May 2026, stratified into two eras: 2012–2016 versus 2017–2026.
  • Paired primary tumor and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) molecular profiles were analyzed in 80 patients.
  • Comparisons of time to LM used the Mann–Whitney U test, and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models.
  • Time to LM was significantly longer in the 2017–2026 cohort compared to 2012–2016 from initial diagnosis (median 23.7 vs. 13.8 months, p < 0.001) and from Stage IV diagnosis (17.4 vs. 10.4 months, p = 0.002).
  • Unadjusted OS following LM diagnosis did not differ significantly between the two eras (9.8 vs. 11.3 months, p = 0.864).
  • In multivariable analysis, post-LM exposure to third-generation EGFR-TKIs was associated with reduced mortality (adjusted HR 0.385, p < 0.001), while tissue-CSF driver discordance occurred in 8.75% of paired samples.

Cite This Study

Gao et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a97e2d9c562ede874ec72e3https://doi.org/10.1111/1759-7714.70386
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Treatment and survival of analysis in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from lung cancer2024
  2. 2Incidence of leptomeningeal metastasis and prognosis after its development in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective real-world observational study (CS-Lung-003-linked study 37)2026 · 1 citations
  3. 3A Retrospective Real-World Study of Prognostic Factors Associated With EGFR Mutated Lung Cancer With Leptomeningeal Metastasis2024 · 9 citations
  4. 4Clinical features and outcomes of patients with breast cancer with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.2024 · 2 citations
  5. 5Abstract A051: Treatment outcome of leptomeningeal metastasis from breast cancer2024