Experimental evaluation demonstrates effective friction reduction and wear resistance in 3J1/G95Cr18 alloy pairs using LD-4 oil, highlighting suitability for aviation servo valves.
Purpose This study aims to investigate the frictional behavior and mechanisms of the 3J1/G95Cr18 friction pair in LD-4 phosphate hydraulic oil. With advancing aviation industry requirements, the lubrication performance of third-generation phosphate ester hydraulic oil in advanced material friction pairs needs comprehensive evaluation. Design/methodology/approach Friction and wear characteristics of austenitic high elastic alloy (3J1) and high carbon martensitic stainless steel (G95Cr18) lubricated with LD-4 phosphate hydraulic oil were investigated under different sliding speeds, loads and temperatures. Findings LD-4 phosphate hydraulic oil exhibits excellent tribological properties with the 3J1/G95Cr18 friction pair. As sliding speed increases, the coefficient of friction (COF) first decreases then increases, reaching optimal value of 0.143 at 75 mm/s. With increasing load, COF gradually increases from 0.133 to 0.153. Temperature effects show COF initially increases, then decreases and stabilizes, with low wear rates at moderate temperatures. The system maintains mixed lubrication under all conditions, with abrasive wear accompanied by adhesive wear. Originality/value This study systematically examined the 3J1/G95Cr18 friction pair in LD-4 phosphate hydraulic oil for the first time, providing valuable guidance for aviation electro-hydraulic servo valve applications.
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Han et al. (2026) studied this question.
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