Theoretical analysis reveals classical Boolean semantics as an embedded core in paraconsistent logic, demonstrating that two-valued systems are internal retractions rather than complete universes.
This paper isolates a structural relation between classical two-valued semantics and the four-valued paraconsistent semantics associated with Belnap–Dunn logic. We show that the Boolean algebra 2 = , T\ occurs as a proper semantic core B₄ = , T\ 4 inside Belnap FOUR, while the additional values N and B represent, respectively, informational incompleteness and inconsistency. Ordered by the truth lattice, the inclusion of the Boolean core has distinct left and right adjoints: the reflector sends N, B to T, while the coreflector sends N, B to F. These constructions lift coordinate-wise to the product representation of the sixteen-valued trilattice, yielding a four-element Boolean core inside the sixteen-valued ambient. We then consider the constant information-order closure Inc(v) = B. Since B is a fixed point outside the Boolean core, this operation cannot factor through the Boolean inclusion; the same obstruction persists under the sixteen-valued lift. The structural conclusion is one of containment and retraction. Classical two-valued semantics is not coextensive with the ambient and does not stand beside it as an equally exhaustive semantic universe. It is obtained by selecting the proper subspace B₄ = , T\ and retracting ambient values back into that image. The surrounding values N and B are states of the ambient that the classical construction excludes by design. In this precise sense, the Boolean world is a constructed semantic artifice entirely internal to, and strictly smaller than, the paraconsistent sea. The closure Inc(v) = B exposes the boundary: it stabilizes a point that the Boolean retract cannot contain. The detonation of ex falso is thereby absorbed by an ambient in which contradiction remains a legitimate semantic state.
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Christopher Mills (2026) studied this question.
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