Comparison of Energy Performance by Dehumidification Methods and Operating Strategies for Glass Greenhouse in Winter

This study evaluated the performance and energy efficiency of three dehumidification methods -forced ventilation, heat recovery ventilation (HRV), and stand-alone dehumidifiers-to mitigate high humidity in glass greenhouses during winter using EnergyPlus simulations.Four relative humidity (RH) setpoints (75%, 80%, 85%, and 90%) were analyzed to establish optimal operational guidelines.Without any dehumidification strategy, the greenhouse experienced high-humidity conditions (RH > 90%) for 20.03% of the total simulation period, while the optimal humidity range for crop growth (60 -80% RH) was maintained for only 35.86% of the time.The HRV system demonstrated the best performance, reducing the occurrence of high-risk humidity conditions to 0.04 -0.07%across all setpoints.Forced ventilation also provided stable performance (0.07 -0.63%), whereas the stand-alone dehumidifier showed limitations in precise humidity control.These results indicate a clear trade-off between maintaining an optimal biological environment and minimizing energy consumption.This study highlights the need for integrated research across architectural, agricultural, and horticultural engineering to develop hybrid control strategies that optimize both crop productivity and energy efficiency in future smart farming systems.