A Study on Establishing a Role Coordination System among Private Organizations at Disaster Sites

This study examines the structural causes of role overlap, gaps, and confusion that arise when multiple private organizations operate independently at disaster sites and proposes a practical role coordination system. An analysis of overseas cases—including the U.S. FEMA⋅NVOAD, Japan’s JVOAD, and Germany’s THW—identified function-based role classification, neutral coordination bodies, clear legal frameworks, and mandatory pre-agreements combined with joint training as key success factors. Surveys and in-depth interviews with local government disaster officials and representatives of private organizations revealed three structural causes of operational confusion: the absence of an information infrastructure, the lack of a coordination mechanism, and inadequate legal provisions defining the position of private organizations within the disaster command structure. Based on these findings, this study proposes an integrated role coordination system comprising a Korean Community Lifelines Model, a three-tier personnel classification system with role mapping, field role coordinators supported by standard cooperation agreements, a digital field management platform for real-time demand-resource matching, and recommendations for legal reform. The proposed system presents a policy framework grounded in the survey findings and lessons drawn from overseas implications; however, empirical validation remains a task for future research.