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September 2, 2026BMC Medical EducationOpen Access

The impact of a 360-degree immersive VR video observation environment on deltoid IM injection skill acquisition and 2-month competency maintenance: a single-group pretest–posttest study

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Authors

SDSerpil Çelik DurmuşYEYurdagül ErdemRARıdvan Kağan Ağca

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Overview

Pre-experimental study demonstrates improved deltoid injection skills and two-month retention in nursing students, highlighting immersive virtual reality as an effective, scalable training tool.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the impact of a 360-degree immersive virtual reality video environment on nursing students' deltoid intramuscular injection skill acquisition and two-month competency retention.
  • Conducted a pre-experimental single-group pretest and two-month delayed post-test design among 89 nursing students (mean age 22.67 years; 85.4% female).
  • Intervention involved observing a standardized 360-degree virtual reality video demonstrating the intramuscular injection procedure.
  • Evaluated performance using a 20-item checklist (0–2 scale) administered by a single calibrated evaluator and analyzed outcomes using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.
  • Total skill performance scores increased significantly from 1.16 ± 0.24 at pre-test to 1.72 ± 0.19 at the two-month retention test (p < 0.001).
  • Participants maintained high baseline compliance across essential safety steps, including glove-wearing and needle withdrawal, while reporting a 97.8% satisfaction rate.

Cite This Study

Durmuş et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a97e318c562ede874ec7baehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-026-10135-8
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Also Consider

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  1. 16847 Medical students’ perception of the use of virtual reality to learn intramuscular injection skill: a pilot in a district general hospital2024
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