The Heightened Risk of Antibiotic Resistance Prompted the Development of an Alternative Drug Target on DNA Replication

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Chemical substances known as antibiotics act to inhibit the division of bacteria (a process known as bacteriostasis) or to kill the bacteria (bactericidal). Antibiotics are therefore a crucial part of medicine that is utilized to protect both human and animal health. However, the widespread use, misuse, and overuse of antibiotics in humans and animals has raised concerns about the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which could endanger both animals and humans. Antibiotic resistance is brought on by several causes, including antibiotic residue in animal products, contaminated environments and water sources, the use of antibiotics in subtherapeutic doses, non-laboratory-oriented therapy, and inadequate storage. Bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics do so through a variety of processes. It is possible for zoonotic infections caused by resistant strains to happen and endanger human health. One of the most alarming consequences of this flawed system is the failure to develop new antibiotics to combat drug resistant bacteria. One of the current drug targets to combat antibiotic resistance is DNA replication. The replisome is very much an under-explored target for drug development, however, and few attempts to discover specific inhibitors have been described. There are guidelines in both human and Veterinary Medicine for rational use of antibiotics. But there are still some indications of the misuse of antibiotics by health care providers, unskilled practitioners, and drug consumers. Thus, awareness creation should be conducted on rational use of antibiotics in veterinary and medical practice to mitigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance and for the more novel antibiotic development must be given attention. Therefore, the objective of this seminar paper is to review and summarize available information on antibiotic resistance and recent drug developments on DNA replication.