Essential Oils in Pig Production: An Alternative Approach to Health and Welfare

Aim: To carry out an overview o f the problem o f the use o f essential oils (EOs) in pig production as an alternative approach to health and welfare o f pigs. Methods. Analysis and generalisation o f the research results on the use o f essential oils in p ig production. Results. The multiple effects o f EOs on p ig health are reviewed. From their potent antimicrobial properties to their role in reducing stress and improving immune function in pigs, the diverse applications o f EOs are highlighted. Notable examples o f the successful integration o f EOs into p ig management practices are highlighted, providing practical insights into their efficacy. The article also addresses the critical issue o f antimicrobial resistance in pig production, highlighting the potential o f EOs as a viable alternative to antibiotics. The economic and environmental considerations o f this alternative approach are discussed, emphasizing the holistic benefits they can offer to pig production. The conclusion advocates the adoption o f the use o f EOs as a holistic approach in line with contemporary ethical and environmental standards. By embracing this alternative, farmers have the opportunity to improve animal welfare, meet consumer expectations and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient p ig industry. In addition to exploring their potential as an antibiotic replacement, the holistic impact o f essential oils on various facets o f animal health, from digestive wellbeing to immune system enhancement, has been assessed. The integration o f EOs into animal husbandry represents a convergence o f traditional wisdom and modern scientific research. This convergence is driven by the collective recognition that animal health and welfare are closely linked to wider issues such as fo o d safety, environmental impact and the ethical considerations that underpin responsibility fo r animals. Conclusions. The integration o f EOs into pig production is emerging as a promising alternative approach to improve the overall health and welfare o f pig herds. A key aspect addressed in this paper is the alternative role o f EOs in reducing reliance on antibiotics. The documented antimicrobial efficacy o f EOs such as tea tree, eucalyptus and thyme has been demonstrated in the context o f disease prevention, highlighting their potential to reduce pathogenic bacteria. The multifunctional nature o f EOs is explored, highlighting their positive impact on digestive health and immune modulation. EOs, when used in aromatherapy in pig housing, have a preventive effect on respiratory diseases. This preventive measure is crucial in maintaining the respiratory health o f the herd. The use o f EOs has been shown to be beneficial in reducing stress in pigs. Many observations suggest lasting benefits associated with the use o f EOs in p ig production. This alternative approach not only addresses immediate health concerns, but also provides a sustainable and effective method o f managing pig health in the future. Optimal application methods and doses o f EOs are needed, as well as standardised regulations to guide the integration o f EOs into pig farm ing practices.