Key result
Pain is an important, commonly reported symptom in end-stage heart failure that requires adapted management strategies combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
Pain is an important but overlooked symptom in end-stage heart failure that requires tailored management strategies.
Pain warrants routine assessment in end-stage HF care; leaves open prospective validation of combined management strategies.
Pain is emerging clinically as an important but overlooked symptom in heart failure. The symptom of pain is poorly described in chronic disease and not a symptom immediately associated with heart failure. Despite this, in studies pain is commonly reported by heart failure patients. Heart failure patients may experience pain from a variety of causes, which may be acute, chronic or in end-stage disease, the concept of ‘Total Pain’ may apply. Treatment can be a challenge as it must take into account any contraindications the patient’s diagnosis or other medications impose. Established pain management may need to be adapted to include a combination of drugs with different modes of action and non pharmacological strategies
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Hughes et al. (2010) conducted a review in end-stage heart failure. Pain management was evaluated. Pain is an important, commonly reported symptom in end-stage heart failure that requires adapted management strategies combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
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