Key result
Children with congenital heart disease had significantly lower z-scores for weight (-0.38) and head circumference (-0.71) at 10 years compared to the population norm (P<0.01).
Why the study?
Children with congenital heart disease are at risk of impaired growth, prompting evaluation of growth parameters at 10 years and identification of risk factors for altered longitudinal growth.
Are somatic growth parameters impaired at 10 years of age in children with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery?
Cohort (n=135)
Are somatic growth parameters impaired at 10 years of age in children with congenital heart disease who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery?
Children with CHD requiring cardiopulmonary bypass surgery have impaired weight and head circumference at 10 years of age, highlighting the need for long-term growth monitoring.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports long-term growth monitoring in CHD survivors; leaves open intervention effects on outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of impaired growth. AIMS: To describe height, weight, head circumference (HC), and body mass index (BMI) at 10 years and identify risk factors for altered longitudinal growth in children with CHD. STUDY DESIGN: Growth parameters were evaluated from birth until 10 years using z-scores. The impact of cardiac and noncardiac factors on longitudinal growth was investigated. SUBJECTS: A total of 135 children with different types of CHD who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, no genetic disorder. OUTCOME MEASURES: Head circumference, weight, height and BMI. RESULTS: At 10 years, z-scores for height and BMI did not differ from the Swiss population (P > 0.1). Z-scores for weight and HC were significantly below the norm (-0.38 and - 0.71, P < 0.01). From 1 to 10 years, all growth parameters except BMI increased significantly (P ≤ 0.001, BMI: P = 0.14). Lower gestational age and longer length of hospitalization were associated with either impaired head circumference or length at 10 years, while lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher BMI and weight at 10 years (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Despite partial catch-up, somatic growth remains impaired in children with CHD with weight and HC below the norm at 10 years. The only cardiac factor associated with impaired longitudinal growth was duration of hospital stay. Furthermore, lower socioeconomic background may pose a risk of overweight at older age. Close monitoring of growth parameters and parental counselling in all CHD children is advisable beyond early childhood to ensure optimal somatic growth.
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Hapuoja et al. (2021) conducted a cohort in Congenital heart disease (n=135). Congenital heart disease requiring cardiopulmonary bypass surgery vs. Swiss population norm was evaluated on Weight z-score at 10 years (p=<0.01). Children with congenital heart disease had significantly lower z-scores for weight (-0.38) and head circumference (-0.71) at 10 years compared to the population norm (P<0.01).
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