Evaluation of the Phytochemical Contents and Biological Activities of 'Dandelion' (Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg.): A Review

Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg. commonly known as the dandelion, is a plant that is widely distributed across the globe and can easily thrive in gardens, lawns, and along roadways. This paper aims to compile studies on this readily available plant's pharmacological properties and phytochemical composition. Dandelion is recognized worldwide for its gastrointestinal benefits, supporting digestion and liver functions, and it is known to possess numerous pharmacological activities. These activities are attributed to its rich phytochemical profile. The primary effects of plants with varied components are typically linked to compounds such as taraxol, taraxerol, and sesquiterpene lactones. Furthermore, dandelion roots are rich in inulin, making the plant versatile for various applications in daily life. The scientific literature shows no reports of dandelion toxicity or serious adverse effects in humans. The potential value of dandelion increases due to its ease of cultivation, diverse pharmacological activities stemming from its rich phytochemical content, and low toxicity profile.