An extensive quantitative analysis of the effects of errors in beat-to-beat intervals on all commonly used HRV parameters

Figures

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  Figure 1. Error distributions commonly observed. All with standard deviation of 1 ms.

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  Figure 2. Kolmogorov–Smirnov-test comparing noise of Gaussian distribution, t-distribution, and uniform distribution for two different levels of noise, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sigma =5$$\end{document}σ=5 ms (top graph) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sigma =7$$\end{document}σ=7 ms (bottom graph). Red color indicates significant difference.

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  Figure 3. Evolution of the error over the level of noise in terms of mean, 5th, and 95th percentile for all HRV metrics. The blue lines show the evolution for t-distributed noise, the red line for Gaussian noise. The unit of the error is given in the panel title.

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  Figure 4. Visualization of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha _{\textrm{RMSE}}$$\end{document}αRMSE over \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha _{\textrm{bias}}$$\end{document}αbias for all HRV metrics, see also Table 2.

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  Figure 5. Bland–Altman plots for all HRV metrics (Gaussian noise, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sigma =10$$\end{document}σ=10). To avoid clutter, the density is color-coded, i.e. individual points are darker, points with many neighbouring points are brighter.