Investigation of CA15-3 and IgE in Iraqi lung cancer patients: A biochemical and immunological analysis

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with the risk of LC, which deserves to be studied further. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify immunological and biochemical markers for Iraqi lung cancer patients. Method: Fifty LC Iraqi patients and 50 apparently healthy people, who composed the control group, were involved in the study. Blood samples were used for biochemical and immunological studies. DNA extraction and polymorphism of the EXO1 and CHRNA5 genes were carried out via polymerase chain reaction. Results: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea, and serum creatinine levels were significantly greater (P≤0.01) in LC patients compared with control.In contrast, adenosine deaminase (ADA), HbA1c, and Hb were significantly decreased. Moreover, the levels of immunoglobulin-E (IgE) and cancer antigen 15–3 (Ca-15-3) are increased in LC patients. Scanning the EXO1 gene revealed that the percentage of the mutant homozygous (AA) and (GA) genotypes is greater than that of the wild-type homozygous (GG) genotypes. Homozygous (GG) was highly significant in the control group than other genotypes (AA and GA). Conversely, the CHRNA5 gene revealed that, in comparison with other genotypes (GA, GG), the AA genotype was considerably greater in LC patients. However, the number of homozygous GG genotypes was more significant in the control group than in other groups. EXO1 and CHRNA5 were significantly higher in all the biochemical markers associated with the mutant (AA) genotype. While they were significantly normal in the GG genotype, they also decreased in ADA, HbA1c, and Hgb. IgE was significantly increased in all genotypes.