Biological AssessmentIn-Vivoof Gel-HA Scaffold Materials Containing Nano-Bioactive Glass for Tissue Engineering

To evaluate the biological safety of the composite materials based on gelatin (Gel), hyaluronic acid (HA), and nano-bioactive glass (NBG), which has a potential application in tissue engineering, the in-vivo biological properties were investigated by hemolysis behavior, micronucleus, skin irritation and acute toxicity test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology demonstrated that the Gel-HA/NBG composite scaffolds had interconnected pores with mean diameters of 50–500 μm. The hemolysis test suggested that the Gel-HA/NBG composite scaffold, with a hemolysis ratio of 1.11%, showed no obvious hemolysis reaction. The micronucleus frequency of the Gel-HA/NBG was (3.1 ± 0.52) %; this indicated that it shows no genotoxic effect. The skin irritation result showed no systemic signs of toxicity in the integrity skin of the animals. The Gel-HA/NBG scaffolds showed no acute systemic toxicity and the liver, heart, lung, and kidney samples also showed no remarkable change in the morphology. Therefore, Gel-HA/NBG composite scaffold would be a suitable candidate of biomedical materials for tissue engineering.