Assessment of Blood Flow Transport in the Left Ventricle Using Ultrasound. Validation Against 4-D Flow Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Fig. 1.. An example of the different flow fields and transport maps obtained from ultrasound and CMR in the same participant. (A) Color Doppler and Inflow profiles, from ultrasound, for calculating 2D + t flow field. (B, E) Flow fields at EDV. (C) E/A wave tracking at EDV. (D, F) Transport maps at EDV. CDV = 2D color Doppler velocimetry; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; EDV = end-diastolic volume.

Fig. 2.. Bland Altman agreement plots for measurements of direct flow, retained inflow, delayed ejection flow and residual volume relative size obtained from ultrasound and CMR. The center dashed line represents the mean bias, the low-high dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals of the differences. Shape accounts for each group: IDCM, NIDCM and CONTROL. CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; IDCM = ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy; NIDCM = non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Fig. 3.. Bland Altman agreement plots for kinetic energy ratios of direct flow, retained inflow, delayed ejection flow and residual volume. The center dashed line represents the mean bias, and the low–high dashed lines represent 95% confidence intervals of the differences. Shape accounts for each group: NIDCM, IDCM and CONTROL. CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; IDCM = ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy; NIDCM = non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Fig. 4.. Relationship between the residual volume properties obtained from CMR and the filling wave properties assessed by ultrasound. (A) Residual volume size versus volume entered by the E-wave. (B) Residual volume kinetic energy ratio versus A-wave propagation inside the left ventricle. Shape accounts for each group: NIDCM, IDCM and CONTROL. Data are bounded by an ellipse accounting for the 95% confidence level for a bivariate t-distribution. IDCM = ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy; NIDCM = non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.