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Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized by phenyl groups can be sulfonated in oleum (H 2 SO 4, 20% free SO 3 ) to give materials that exhibit high solubility in water as determined by centrifugation in conjunction with UV−vis−near-infrared measurements. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy images show that extensive debundling occurs during the sulfonation step.
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Liang et al. (2006) studied this question.
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