Angiotensin receptor blockade improves cardiac mitochondrial activity in response to an acute glucose load in obese insulin resistant rats

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Representative western blot of P47Phox translocation. Means ± SEM values of P47Phox protein expression from Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n = 5), Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 8), and OLETF + angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker (ARB; n = 8) rats. *Significant difference from OLETF (P < 0.05). Brackets indicate significant differences among respective time points (P < 0.05).

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  Fig. 2. Rssentative western blot of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 and nuclear Nrf2 activity. Means ± SEM values of Keap1 protein expression and nuclear Nrf2 binding from Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n = 5), Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 8), and OLETF + angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker (ARB; n = 8) rats. *Significant difference from OLETF (P < 0.05). Brackets indicate significant differences among respective time points (P < 0.05). Keap1 had significant independent group and time interactions. Nrf2 has a significant group time interaction.

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  Fig. 3. Mitochondrial 4-Hydroxynonenal and Nitrotyrosine measured by western blot. Means ± SEM values of 4HNE protein adducts and nitrated protein from Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n = 5), Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 8), and OLETF + angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker (ARB; n = 8) rats. †Significant difference from LETO (P < 0.05). *Significant difference from OLETF (P < 0.05).

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  Fig. 4. Total cardiac antioxidant protein expression for A) MnSOD B) Cu/ZnSOD and total antioxidant activities for C) superoxide dismutase, D) catalase, and E) glutathione peroxidase. Means ± SEM values of antioxidant activities from Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n = 5), Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 8), and OLETF + angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker (ARB; n = 8) rats. †Significant difference from LETO (P < 0.05). *Significant difference from OLETF (P < 0.05). Brackets indicate significant differences among respective time points (P < 0.05). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase had significant group time interactions. A significant time interaction as seen with superoxide dismutase.

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  Fig. 5. Cardiac mitochondrial activities and succinate tissue content. A) aconitase activity, B) complex I activity, C) tissue succinate content and D) complex II activity. Means ± SEM values of antioxidant activities from Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n = 5), Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 8), and OLETF + angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker (ARB; n = 8) rats. †Significant difference from LETO (P < 0.05). *Significant difference from OLETF (P < 0.05). Brackets indicate significant differences among respective time points (P < 0.05). Aconitase and succinate had a significant group time interaction. Complex I had significant independent group and time interactions. Complex II had a significant group interaction.

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  Fig. 6. Representative western blot of AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK. Means ± SEM values of P-AMPK/AMPK ratio from Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; n = 5), Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF; n = 8), and OLETF + angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker (ARB; n = 8) rats. †Significant difference from LETO (P < 0.05). Brackets indicate significant differences among respective time points (P < 0.05). Significant time interaction.