Optimization of college students’ track and field sprinting technique based on biomechanical analysis

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Sprinting performance is affected by a variety of biomechanical factors, and optimizing the techniques in all phases is crucial for improving performance. Based on biomechanical analysis, this study used experimental methods such as high-speed camera, motion capture system, force platform and electromyography to collect and analyze data on stride length, stride frequency, ground reaction force and muscle activation pattern of sprinters. The results showed that optimizing the starting posture, acceleration gait matching, uniform running economy and anti-fatigue ability in the closing phase can effectively improve the sprinting performance. Through the targeted technical optimization strategy, sprinters were able to significantly reduce speed loss and enhance the stability in the sprinting phase. This study can provide scientific guidance for sprinting special training, sports biomechanics research and sports injury prevention, and provide a more accurate theoretical basis for sprinting technology optimization.