Hyperoxia improves exercise capacity in cardiopulmonary disease: a series of randomised controlled trials

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Changes with ambient air versus hyperoxia in the a) cycling incremental ramp exercise test (IET) and b) constant work-rate exercise test (CWRET) are shown. Improvements of incremental exercise tests and constant work-rate exercise tests in tests with hyperoxia at end-exercise are shown overall and by subgroups of the different diseases. Data were presented as means and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (horizontal lines). The zero line represents unity. Overall represents the treatment effect for all 91 patients (blue/red diamond). COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; healthy: healthy controls; PVD: precapillary pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary vascular disease; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; CHD: congenital heart disease.

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  FIGURE 2. Changes of the secondary outcomes at end-exercise with hyperoxia. Improvements of incremental exercise tests (IETs) and constant work-rate exercise tests (CWRETs) in tests with hyperoxia at end-exercise by subgroups. Data were presented as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (horizontal lines). The zero line represents unity. Overall represents the treatment effect for all 91 patients. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; healthy: healthy controls; PVD: precapillary pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary vascular disease; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; CHD: congenital heart disease; SpO2: arterial oxygenation by pulse oximetry; V′E: minute ventilation; HR: heart rate; bpm: beats per min; V′E/V′CO2: ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide.

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  FIGURE 3. Changes of arterial blood gas analysis at end-exercise with hyperoxia. Improvements of incremental exercise tests (IETs) and constant work-rate exercise tests (CWRETs) in tests with hyperoxia at end-exercise by subgroups (not available for healthy and congenital heart disease). Data were presented as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (horizontal lines). The zero line represents unity. Overall represents the treatment effect for all patients where arterial blood gas was available. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; healthy: healthy controls; PVD: precapillary pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary vascular disease; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; SaO2: arterial oxygen saturation; PaO2: arterial oxygen tension; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension.

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  FIGURE 4. Changes of the secondary outcomes at isotime with hyperoxia. Improvements of incremental exercise tests (IETs) and constant work-rate exercise tests in tests (CWRETs) with hyperoxia at isotime by subgroups. Data were presented as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (horizontal lines). The zero line represents unity. Overall represents the treatment effect for all 91 patients. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; healthy: healthy controls; PVD: precapillary pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary vascular disease; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; CHD: congenital heart disease; SpO2: arterial oxygenation by pulse oximetry; V′E: minute ventilation; HR: heart rate; V′E/V′CO2: ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide.