Relating Functional Connectivity and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Derivation of Relevance Maps for Regions and Connections

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Paper selection flowchart according to PRISMA. The process includes the search on three different databases, removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and a final control for eligibility on the full‐text level, resulting in 39 included papers with 73 distinct analyses linking rsFC and alcohol use disorder.

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  FIGURE 2. Flowchart explaining the process of the creation of the FC relevance matrix and the region ranking. The labels reg_1 and reg_2 represent two numeric IDs for regions of AAL3. AAL3—automated anatomical labelling atlas 3.1; FC—functional connectivity.

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  FIGURE 3. Overview of metadata for all 37 datasets. (a) The distribution of sample sizes. (b) The distribution of average ages. (c) The distribution of gender in the datasets.

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  FIGURE 4. FC relevance matrix showing associations of between‐region connections with AUD, sorted and labeled according to the most common functional networks. AUD—alcohol use disorder; BG—basal ganglia; DAN—dorsal attention network; DMN—default mode network; ECN—executive control network; FC—functional connectivity; L—left, R—right; SMN—sensorimotor network; SN—salience network; VAN—ventral attention network.

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  FIGURE 5. Visualization of FC associations with AUD on both region and network levels. (a and b) Positive and negative associations of FC between the most relevant regions. The nodes are colored according to the network the region belongs to. (c and d) Positive and negative associations of FC at the network level, with the node and edge colors representing the percentage of connections within‐ and between‐networks, respectively, that show significant associations with AUD. ACC—anterior cingulate cortex; AUD—alcohol use disorder; BG—Basal ganglia; DAN—dorsal attention network; DMN—default mode network; ECN—executive control network; FC—functional connectivity; IFG—inferior frontal gyrus; L—left; MFG—middle frontal gyrus; MTG—middle temporal gyrus; R—right; SFG—superior frontal gyrus; SMA—supplementary motor area; SMN—sensorimotor network; SN—salience network; VAN—ventral attention network.

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  FIGURE 6. Anatomical visualization of regions identified as most relevant in Table 4. Regions are color‐coded according to the percentage of whole‐brain analyses that reported at least one significant association between AUD and the region's connectivity. Only regions with significant associations reported in more than 25% of the 31 whole‐brain analyses are shown. Coronal (top left), sagittal (top right), axial (bottom left) views, and a 3D rendering (bottom right) are displayed.