Polarized Raman and electrical study of single crystalline titanium modified lead magnesio-niobate

Raman scattering experiments were performed on the relaxor ferroelectric lead magnesio-niobate (PMN), the ferroelectric 0.8 PMN-0.2 (PT) and the intermediate composition 0.9 PMN-0.1 PT. In order to understand in more detail the behaviour of this series, Raman scattering spectra were also collected under dc electric field. A ferroelectric phase could be induced in the latter composition for electric fields higher than a threshold value. The behaviour of this field-induced phase was compared with the (zero-field) ferroelectric phase in 0.8 PMN-0.2 PT. Barkhausen jumps were observed in the pyroelectric current measurements, and a strong dielectric anomaly was detected in zero field heating after field cooling experiments on 0.9 PMN-0.1 PT. These results are consistent with a description of the behaviour in this series based on a cancellation of 1:1 (Mg:Nb) domain random fields by titanium ions, favouring the onset of long range ferroelectric order.