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An analysis of passive mode locking with the intracavity self-focusing effect is presented, and the self-starting issue is addressed. The analysis shows that the initial pulse-shortening force of this mechanism is too weak to start the mode locking from mode beating or noise and how it can be greatly enhanced with a dilute dye saturable absorber in the cavity. This analysis also shows shortening force in cw mode-locking lasers.
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Chen et al. (1991) studied this question.
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