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This systematic review investigates how data-driven digital transformation (DT) enables measurable sustainability outcomes across environmental, social, and governance (ESG) domains. Drawing on 43 peer-reviewed articles, it adopts an outcome-oriented lens that treats data not as a digital input but as a strategic asset central to ESG performance. Guided by Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), the Resource-Based View (RBV/NRBV), and Institutional Theory, the analysis identifies key data-centric practices – including AI-driven analytics, blockchain traceability, and integrated ESG reporting – and the organizational enablers that support their adoption. The review advances knowledge by clarifying the causal pathways linking data practices to ESG outcomes, positioning data as a strategic sustainability resource, and highlighting the organizational and institutional conditions that enable impact. These insights provide a systematic evidence base and theoretical grounding to inform future research, regulatory frameworks, and managerial strategies for sustainable digital transformation.
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Viriyasitavat et al. (2026) studied this question.
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