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The Suzuki–Miyaura reaction has been performed using a non-symmetrical salen-type palladium(II) catalyst that is readily immobilized onto Merrifield resin and functionalized silica. The catalysts combine high activity with the recoverability and reusability offered by a heterogeneous system, without the need for phosphine ligands or additives. The high content of water used in the reaction, which is more than 96% by volume, represents a green process that should have advantages for industrial applications. Leaching of the metal into solution from the supported catalyst proved to be negligible.
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Phan et al. (2008) studied this question.
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