Key result
The TC genotype of AGT rs699 significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 infection (OR 8.43), while the II genotype of ACE rs4646994 decreased the risk (OR 0.23).
Why the study?
Changes in the renin-angiotensin system balance alter susceptibility to COVID-19 infection, prompting evaluation of the association between AGT rs699 C > T, ACE rs4646994 I/D, and AGTR1 rs5186 C > A variants and COVID-19 risk and severity.
Does the presence of AGT, ACE, and AGTR1 polymorphisms alter the risk of COVID-19 infection in a southeast Iranian population?
Case-Control (n=504)
No
Does the presence of AGT, ACE, and AGTR1 polymorphisms alter the risk of COVID-19 infection in a southeast Iranian population?
Odds Ratio: 8.43 (95% CI 4.99–14.24)
p-value: p=<0.001
ACE rs4646994 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms are associated with altered risk of COVID-19 infection in a southeast Iranian population, suggesting a role for host genetics in susceptibility.
Supports host genetic influence on COVID-19 risk in southeast Iranians; hypothesis-generating and requires validation before any clinical use.
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic remains an emerging public health crisis with serious adverse effects. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV--2) infection, targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for cell entry. However, changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) balance alter an individual's susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. We aimed to evaluate the association between AGT rs699 C > T, ACE rs4646994 I/D, and AGTR1 rs5186 C > A variants and the risk of COVID-19 infection and the severity in a sample of the southeast Iranian population. METHODS: A total of 504 subjects, including 258 COVID-19 positives, and 246 healthy controls, were recruited. Genotyping of the ACE gene rs4646994, and AGT rs699, and AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively. RESULTS: Our results showed that the II genotype of ACE rs4646994 and the I allele decreased the risk of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, we found that the TC genotype and C allele of AGT rs699 increased the risk of COVID-19 infection. The AGTR1 rs5186 was not associated with COVID-19 infection. Also, we did not find any association between these polymorphisms and the severity of the disease. However, we found a significantly higher age and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in patients with severe disease than a non-severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ACE rs4646994 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms increase the risk of COVID-19 infection in a southeast Iranian population.
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Kouhpayeh et al. (2021) conducted a case-control in COVID-19 (n=504). AGT rs699 and ACE rs4646994 polymorphisms vs. Reference genotypes (TT for AGT, DD for ACE) was evaluated on Risk of COVID-19 infection (AGT rs699 TC vs TT) (OR 8.43, 95% CI 4.99-14.24, p=<0.001). The TC genotype of AGT rs699 significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 infection (OR 8.43), while the II genotype of ACE rs4646994 decreased the risk (OR 0.23).
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