Optimization of Sorption Purification of Industrial Effluents, Waste Waters and Technological Solutions From Polyvalent Metal Ions

The paper critically reviews the existing methods which are applied for the sorption purification of industrial effluents, waste waters and technological solutions from polyvalent metal ions (such as mercury, cadmium, calcium, copper, nickel and zinc), and also describes the novel purification processes developed recently by the authors. Particular attention is paid to the optimization of purification processes through the use of specially selected ion-exchange materials with the optimal equilibrium, kinetic, mechanical and other properties, application of the most effective apparatus design, and optimization of the process flowsheets. The approach proposed is illustrated by the results of both laboratory and the pilot-plant experiments including the final flowsheet of the purification processes. One of the examples given is the tailor-made modification of the commercial VP-1AP polyvinylpyridine resins with l,3-dichlor-5-dimethyl hydantoin, which combines high selectivity and oxidation capability towards different mercury species (including mercury organic compounds) in the same ion-exchange material. The paper includes also examples of purification of the native waste waters of different types from mercury and cadmium on organic and inorganic ion exchangers; deep purification of the NaCI brines from calcium on polyampholytes, purification of rinsing waters of electroplating industry from copper, nickel and zinc on mixed beds of ion exchangers, and other information which may be of interest for environmental and applied chemists.