Modular multilevel converter (MMC) structures are composed of several hundreds to thousands of half-bridge converters. Such large numbers of power switches and electrical nodes introduce important numerical challenges for the computation of electromagnetic transients. The problem becomes particularly more complex for the real-time simulations. This paper presents a feasibility study on the real-time simulation of the MMC models. CPU-based and field-programmable gate array-based implementations are proposed and evaluated for the MMCs having up to 401 levels. The study also provides guidelines for the real-time simulation platform requirements to simulate these MMC models.
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Saad et al. (2013) studied this question.
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