Synthesis, Surface Properties, and Food Packaging Applications of Bionanocomposites

Food packaging plays a crucial role in the food industry, as it is a key step in ensuring food reaches consumers in optimal condition. Petroleum-based polymers are widely used in food packaging, but their adverse environmental effects have led to exploring alternative materials. In this context, bionanocomposites have emerged to address the problems associated with petroleum-based packaging materials. Bionanocomposites are made of biopolymers reinforced with nanofillers and have recently gained popularity in food packaging due to their enhanced barrier, mechanical, optical, thermal, and antimicrobial properties. Bionanocomposites can be synthesized through four main methods: solution intercalation, melt intercalation, template synthesis, and in situ polymerization, resulting in two morphological structures: intercalated and exfoliated structures. By understanding the surface properties of the components, composites with desired characteristics can be precisely designed and synthesized, which is essential for maintaining food quality and extending shelf-life. This review offers insights into the various synthesis techniques, surface properties, and current applications of bionanocomposites in food packaging.