Thermosolutal convection in a solution with large negative Soret coefficient

The large negative Soret coefficient of 1N-LiI gives rise in a Rayleigh-Bénard experiment to a density distribution which is observed to stabilize the fluid layer for values of the Rayleigh number as large as 196 times the value of 1708 for the onset of convection in a pure fluid. The Soret transport also affects the convective heat flux. A power law relating heat flux and temperature difference is found with the same exponent as is found in pure fluids but with a lower value of the multiplicative constant. The Rayleigh number at the onset of power-law behaviour depends on the Soret coefficient. Three types of oscillation are seen: transient oscillations at onset, low frequency fluctuations at low Rayleigh number, and higher frequency oscillations similar to those observed in pure water. The intermediate state found after onset in NaCl solutions is not found in LiI.