Patological changes in cardiovascular system among the patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome

Currently, there is more and more data on the possible long-term effects of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) on human health. In particular, there is an increased risk of complications from the cardiovascular system in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. A review of the literature data on the most common cardiovascular complications of post-COVID-19 syndrome, the main pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases and some recommendations for their prevention and treatment is presented. Aim. Analysis of scientific literature data on the role of SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-COVID-19 syndrome in the development of cardiovascular pathology. Key points. Cardiovascular pathology in patients with COVID-19 is a factor that seriously aggravates the course of the disease. At the same time, coronavirus infection itself can lead to cardiovascular complications, including in the framework of the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Among the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of cardiovascular complications are: dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), direct cytotoxic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on cardiomyocytes, hypercytokinemia (cytokine storm). Anticoagulants (low molecular weight heparin), antihypertensive drugs (RAAS inhibitors), and inotropic agents are recommended as therapeutic tactics in the treatment of cardiovascular complications. If necessary, mechanical stimulation of blood circulation (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), correction of electrolyte balance and suppression of excessive formation of catecholamines are indicated. Conclusion. Coronavirus infection can lead to the development of various cardiovascular complications, including fatal ones. In order to prevent pathological changes associated with coronavirus infection, monitoring of the morphofunctional state of the cardiovascular system of patients is necessary.