Divergent thinking in groups during cold-water immersion is impaired by cold stress not the cold shock response

Figures

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  Figure 1. Picture of five participants (numbered 1–5 on the left side of the pond) performing the group format DAT. Participant responses were recorded with a video camera and directional microphone highlighted in red. Participants entered the water in the assigned task order. Participants generated responses in assigned order restarting with the first participant in the task order sequence after the last person in the sequence responded. Photo courtesy of Rebecca Weller at NHRC.

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  Figure 2. Peak heart rate HRpeak during immersion by (A) individual-within-group DAT and (B) individual-within-group Sequence DAT scores. DAT and Sequence DAT scores are difference scores calculated by subtracting an individual’s baseline score from their cold-water immersion (CWI) score. Negative values indicate an individual had a lower CWI score than baseline score and positive values indicate an individual had a lower baseline score than CWI score.

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  Figure 3. Peak heart rate HRpeak during immersion by (A) group average DAT and (B) group average Sequence DAT scores. DAT and Sequence DAT scores are difference scores calculated by subtracting a group’s baseline score from their cold-water immersion (CWI) score. Negative values indicate a group had a lower cold-water immersion score than baseline score and positive values indicate an individual had a lower baseline score than cold-water immersion score.

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  Figure 4. Peak heart rate HRpeak during immersion by difference in number of responses that violated task rules between cold-water immersion (CWI) and baseline DAT. Number of rule violation difference scores calculated by subtracting the number of responses that violated task rules at baseline DAT from the number of responses that violated task rules during cold-water immersion DAT. Negative values indicate an individual had more violations during the cold-water immersion DAT than the baseline DAT and positive values indicate an individual had more violations during the baseline DAT than the cold-water immersion DAT.

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  Figure 5. Number of responses out of 10 total generated during cold-water immersion DAT that were named objects in the surrounding and repetitions of what had already been said. The combination category “Naming Objects/Repetition” indicates ambiguity concerning whether the response was a named object, repetition, or both.

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  Figure 6. Absolute mean skin temperature absT¯sk during immersion by individual-within-group DAT. DAT scores are difference scores calculated by subtracting an individual’s baseline score from their cold-water immersion (CWI) score. Negative values indicate an individual had a lower cold-water immersion score than baseline score and positive values indicate an individual had a lower baseline score than cold-water immersion score.