The clinical and pathogenetic manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity and approaches to their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention: current state of the problem (literature review)

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The purpose of this study is to review the literature to determine the common pathogenetic mechanisms (PM) between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity, as well as to analyze the impact of one disease on the other, followed by a review of the basic principles of diagnosis and treatment of patients with a combination of these comorbidities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The literature review included an analysis of articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, with a focus on pathogenesis, clinical data, diagnosis and treatment of GERD and obesity. The following keywords were used to find relevant materials on the research topic: "GERD", "obesity", "pathogenesis", "treatment", "clinical trials". CONCLUSION: Conclusions: A series of studies have shown that there are risk factors that increase the development of GERD: stress, bad habits, excessive body mass index (BMI), advanced age and lifestyle. At the same time, obesity has similar risk factors to GERD, which in turn prompts the search for correction of common PM, new ways of diagnosis and comprehensive personalized treatment.