Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Hyperkalemia Management Under Cardio-Kidney-Protective Therapy: A Three-Stakeholder Cross-Sectional Survey

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Self-reported perception and behavior regarding RASi and MRA management among Nephrologists (Survey B, n = 82), stratified by self-reported monthly hyperkalemia patient volume (none, 1–10, 11–30, ≥ 31 patients per month). Each panel shows a diverging stacked-bar Likert plot: negative responses (1–2) extend to the left, the neutral midpoint (3) is centered on zero, and positive responses (4–5) extend to the right. Subgroup sample sizes are shown next to each y-axis label. (A) Importance of maintaining RASi; (B) Frequency of RASi dose reduction; (C) Frequency of RASi discontinuation; (D) Frequency of RASi maintenance with K-binder add-on; (E) Perceived safety of nsMRA vs. sMRA; (F) Importance of maintaining MRA; (G) Frequency of MRA dose reduction; (H) Frequency of MRA maintenance with K-binder add-on. K-binder, potassium binder; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; nsMRA, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; RASi, renin–angiotensin system inhibitor; sMRA, steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.

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  Fig. 2. Self-reported perception and behavior regarding RASi and MRA management among Korean Medical Association members (Survey C, n = 255), stratified by self-reported monthly hyperkalemia patient volume. Each panel shows a diverging stacked-bar Likert plot: negative responses (1–2) extend to the left, the neutral midpoint (3) is centered on zero, and positive responses (4–5) extend to the right. Subgroup sample sizes are shown next to each y-axis label. (A) Importance of maintaining RASi; (B) Frequency of RASi dose reduction; (C) Frequency of RASi discontinuation; (D) Frequency of RASi maintenance with K-binder add-on; (E) Perceived safety of nsMRA vs. sMRA; (F) Importance of maintaining MRA; (G) Frequency of MRA dose reduction; (H) Frequency of MRA maintenance with K-binder add-on. K-binder, potassium binder; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; nsMRA, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; RASi, renin–angiotensin system inhibitor; sMRA, steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.