Smearing of Phase Transition due to a Surface Effect or a Bulk Inhomogeneity in Ferroelectric Nanostructures

The boundary conditions, customarily used in the Landau-type approach to ferroelectric thin films and nanostructures, have to be modified to take into account that a surface of a ferroelectric is a defect of a field type. The surface (interface) field is coupled to a normal component of polarization and, as a result, the second order phase transitions are generally suppressed and anomalies in response are washed out, as observed experimentally.