Biological activities in supercritical CO₂-extracted cannabis: Comparison with conventional extraction method

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This study evaluates the extraction yields, cannabinoid profiles, and physiological effects of Cannabis sativa L. (Purple 52) using three methods: supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂), Soxhlet, and maceration . Validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDa) as the dominant cannabinoids in hemp extracts, and decarboxylation of hemp samples at 140℃ for 1 hour achieved a CBD to CBD+CBDa ratio of over 99 %. The scCO₂ method with ethanol as a co-solvent demonstrated the highest CBD yield, yielding 37.1 % higher CBD content compared to neat scCO₂ extraction. Physiological assessments revealed scCO₂ extracts had superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, with the highest 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and flavonoid content. Furthermore, scCO₂ extracts significantly suppressed interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory effects.